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Cilladaha ay sababaan kuleylka aan habooneyn waxaa loo qaybin karaa: Qaybinta heerkulka ee aan sinnayn ee heerkulka Bill, walaaca gudaha (sida culeyska heerkulka, walbahaarka unugyada) waa mid aad u ballaaran oo jaranjarada birta ah {{}}
1.} vabbonation
Dabaqa loo yaqaan 'vareanad' waxaa loola jeedaa in kaarboon dusha sare ee lakabka dusha sare ee birta lagu jaro heerkulka sare, si kaarboonku u eg yahay lakabka dusha sare ee lakabka dusha sare ee .
Qoto dheer ee lakabka daweynta ah wuxuu la xidhiidha ka kooban birta, quraanka gaaska foornada, heerkulka, iyo in sicir-bararkan ay fududahay in lagu qasbo, silicon steenas ayaa sidoo kale sahlan in lagu darafyo {{1}
Deebaca-qaadisku wuxuu yareeyaa waxqabadka iyo daalka daalka ee qaybaha, waxayna daciifisaa xirashada iska caabbinta .
2. kordhuhu korsocod
Jumladaha dusha sare ee saliida ayaa badanaa kordha dusha sare ama qayb ka mid ah dusha sare ee lakabka kaarboon-ka-qaade ee kareemka ah, iyo tusaalooyinka kaadiyaha ee maxalliga ah, iyo unugyada weyn), iyo unugyada 'Lystente' ay muuqdaan.
Tani waxay inta badan tahay kiiska foornada foornada ee kuleylka, marka billicaanku u dhow yahay qaddarka foornada, maxaa yeelay saliida si fiican looma dhameyseynin dusha sare ee balalka, sidaa darteed soo saarista saameynta kaarboon dusha sare {- 0}}
Kormeer kaarboonku waxay ka dhigeysaa waxqabadka mashiinnada mashiinnada xun, waana fududahay in la gooyo marka goynta {}}
3. kululeeyaa
Kuleylku wuxuu ka hadlayaa heerkulka kuleylka ee birta birta ah waa mid aad u sarreeya, ama heerkulka la cayimay iyo kuleylka ee kuleylka ah, ama heerkulka kor u kacaya saamaynta kuleylka .
Birta kaarboon (su-pal-ka-falanqaynta-falanqaynta) badanaa waxay u muuqdaan in ka dib kuleylka ka dib marka ay ku dhejiyaan qaabdhismeedka dusha sare, iyo xayiraadii wasakhda ah ee muuqaalka ah iyo hay'ad jilicsan oo weji ah ayaa soo ifbaxay {{4}. kadib Kuleylka jabka cort bir-jabka ayaa u muuqan doona jaban jaban ama jab jab {{5} {5} oo ah unugyada cajiibka ah, sababtuna waxay yareyn doontaa guryaha farsamada, gaar ahaan saameynta adag ee saameynta .
Daaweynta kuleylka caadiga ah ka dib (dabka, sunta), guud ahaan ee ururka ugu sarreeya ee hay'adda birta ayaa la wanaajin karaa oo waxqabadka ayaa lagu soo celiyaa {0-} "inta badan la yiraahdo kuleylka aan degi karin; iyo kuleylka culus ee qadhaadhka barkadda ee alum ka dib dabka guud (oo ay kujiraan kuleylka heerkulka sare ah), oo lagu daaweynayo ama daaweyn jilicsan, culayskan si buuxda looma baabi'in karo, kulaylkan ayaa badanaa loo yaqaannaa kuleylka xasilloonida {{1}
4.} gubasho aad u badan
Bilowga-Bixinta micnaheedu waa in heerkulka kuleylka ee birta birta uu aad u sarreeyo ama uu ku jiro gaaska kuleylka dheer, baaruudda, ka daadashada xididdada ka dhexeysa badarka, iyo si aad ah hoos u dhigista calafka. shey {{{} bir bir ah oo leh gubasho daran ayaa afuuf daran marka laga saarayo qaro weyn, oo dildilaacayaasha transverse ah ayaa ka soo muuqan doona gubashada markii la sawirayo .
Ma jiraan xuduudo heerkul adag oo u dhexeeya gubashada iyo kuleylka {{0} guud ahaan, in sifooyinka hadhuudhka ah, markii xadka hadhuudhka ah, iwm {{3}), xadka hadhuudhka ah ayaa u muuqda laf-darka Fiiri {{{{{4} xuduudaha xuduuda ee dhalaalaysa ee ku habboon aaga saddexagalka iyo kubbadda aluminium-ka ayaa la dhaafay {{5} ee ka dib markii la gubo, inta badan lama badbaadin karo, waa in la xoqdaa .
5.} dillaaca kuleylka
Markaad kululeyso jaakad weyn oo leh cabir yar oo bir ah iyo heerkul sare oo bir ah iyo heerkulka ugu sarreeya ee heerkulka kuleylka ah, haddii ay kululeeyaan kuleylka ay ka badan tahay xadka xoogga, hadii ay kululaato kululaynta. waxaa laga soo saari doonaa xarunta ilaa aagga ku xeeran, taasoo ka dhigeysa qaybta oo dhan crack .
{{06.} kex ah oo naxaas ah
Cilmiga naxaasta ah ee dusha sare ee dusha sare ee {0 0}} muuqaal sare, naxaas jaalle ah, ama xalka adag ee naxaasta ah) waxaa loo qaybiyaa xadka hadhuudhka {{1}
When the billet is heated, such as the residual copper oxide in the furnace, the oxide steel is reduced to free copper at high temperature, and the molten steel atoms expand along the austenite grain boundary, which weakens the connection between the grains. In addition, when the copper content in the steel is higher [>2% (jajab ballaaran)], sida kuleylka jawiga oksidation, lakabka hodanka leh ee naxaasta ah ayaa lagu sameeyay maqaarka macdanta ee macdanta, kaas oo sidoo kale sababa jajabinta birta .
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